Natural Sumberdaya involve and its [of] him which in the form of keaneka- flora ragaman, natural symptom and fauna with [his/its] nature panoramic view panoramic beauty represent God Single award The most. Potency of Sumberdaya natural and its it[him] this can be developed and exploited its to prosperity of people without neglecting conservation effort. Natural Sumberdaya able to be exploited as continuation of nature and at the same time as natural wisata obyek, [is]: mount, sea garden, river, coastal, flora of[is including forest, fauna, waterfall, lake and view of nature.
Congeniality " natural wisata" covering activity and obyek related to tourism and recreation exploiting natural resources potency and its its[his], goodness in the form of genuiness ( solidarity and also alami) with made in human being. As a result recreation places [in] open nature which in character still experience of and earn freshment mem-berikan more and more visited [by] people ( tourist).
The increasing of activity of this natural wisata there [is] its bearing with change of pattern live society, the increasing of life level, existence of accretion of leeway and growing of facilities and basic facilities facility so that can reach places of di-manapun location of wisata reside in
In general have been realized that in supporting pengem-bangan of tourism sector owning is multifarious [of] manner of obyek and also fascination, [relation/link] rate, location and also the availibility of fund and various other determinant cause development storey;level which [do] not uniform. Therefore in handling, development and [his/its] construction need the existence of integrity pass by quickly sectoral either in area storey;level and also [in] center storey;level.
Thursday, April 1, 2010
natural environment conservation
Spanning eastern Indonesia, parts of Malaysia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Timor Leste and the Solomon Islands (see the map), the Coral Triangle is the global center of marine biodiversity and one of the world’s top priorities for marine conservation. This extraordinary expanse of ocean covers an area of 2.3 million square miles (5.7 million km2), the equivalent to half of the entire United States. It is home to over 600 reef-building coral species, or 75% of all species known to science, and more than 3,000 species of reef fish. Over 150 million people live within the Coral Triangle, of which an estimated 2.25 million fishers are dependant on marine resources for their livelihoods. Applying the latest science, The Nature Conservancy is working with a range of partners to protect the coastal and marine ecosystems of this vast area by addressing key threats, such as over-fishing, destructive fishing, and mass coral bleaching.
Destructive fishing not only contributes to over-fishing, it also destroys the habitat on which exploited fish depend. Blast fishing, either with home-made or industrial explosives, is perhaps the best known example of destructive fishing. Other examples are bottom trawling, fishing with poisons, and fishing with certain kinds of fish traps. The loss of income due to blast fishing in Indonesia over the last 25 years is approximately US$3.8 billion. Global warming is already making a significant impact on marine biodiversity and the lives of those who depend on the reefs for income. A major threat to coral reefs comes from the periodic mass bleaching of corals caused by increased temperatures in the seas. In the 1998 El Nino weather event, 75% of reefs worldwide bleached and 16% died. Coral bleaching is predicted to become an annual event within 25-50 years
Destructive fishing not only contributes to over-fishing, it also destroys the habitat on which exploited fish depend. Blast fishing, either with home-made or industrial explosives, is perhaps the best known example of destructive fishing. Other examples are bottom trawling, fishing with poisons, and fishing with certain kinds of fish traps. The loss of income due to blast fishing in Indonesia over the last 25 years is approximately US$3.8 billion. Global warming is already making a significant impact on marine biodiversity and the lives of those who depend on the reefs for income. A major threat to coral reefs comes from the periodic mass bleaching of corals caused by increased temperatures in the seas. In the 1998 El Nino weather event, 75% of reefs worldwide bleached and 16% died. Coral bleaching is predicted to become an annual event within 25-50 years
community energy conservation corp
Besides in order to returning fertility of land;ground hence needed [by] pattern and types solidarity of activity capable to improve farm productivity, like crop of legume capable to fasten N on the air, and also system of agrosilvopasoral ( agriculture crop kombinas, ranch and forestry) which can improve element of hara land;ground, and land;ground porosity facilitating the happening of infiltrateing, sehinggga improve;repair system of hidrologi.
Conclusion and Suggestion.
1. Management of natural sumberdaya [in] part of pate;upstream of DAS have caused the quality of downhill farm ( to the number of critical farm and need repair effort)
2. Effort to improve;repair the quality of DAS can be applied [by] form agriculture of have continuation [to] [pass/through] system of agroforestry with combination various business activity.
3. Agroroforestry with other technological input and supported by local wisdom ( knowledge indigeneous) can return condition and fertility arrange water a[n environment of DAS by considering solidarity of activity of agroforestry and election of crop type, without disregarding social and economic tatanan [of] society.
Conclusion and Suggestion.
1. Management of natural sumberdaya [in] part of pate;upstream of DAS have caused the quality of downhill farm ( to the number of critical farm and need repair effort)
2. Effort to improve;repair the quality of DAS can be applied [by] form agriculture of have continuation [to] [pass/through] system of agroforestry with combination various business activity.
3. Agroroforestry with other technological input and supported by local wisdom ( knowledge indigeneous) can return condition and fertility arrange water a[n environment of DAS by considering solidarity of activity of agroforestry and election of crop type, without disregarding social and economic tatanan [of] society.
soil conservation methods
Thereby election of type very needed in solidarity of crop [at] system of agroforestry. combination of Agroforestry in the effort conservation more [in] concentrating on type composition, and formed coronet strata. This matter related to closing of farm which [is] very have an effect on to hidrologi a[n farm.
hearing conservation
According to Oosterling ( 1927), what share direct is not strightened situation [of] forest, but ability of absorbent serasah [of] timberland den and water. Though forest stay in intact situation, however as anxious as [do] not be formed or lose and land;ground have the character of solidly, channeling of surface when torrential rains remain to be big ( Notohadiprawiro,1981).
usda natural resources conservation service
Pemillihan Type Crop, and Solidarity Of Activity In related/relevant Agroforestry [of] conservation effort.
Role of agroforestry in overcoming marginal farm, Padmowijoto ( 2004), please mention that crop of leucaena ( planted [by] lamtoro) [is] meeting with distance [among/between] line one metre, can yield green manure counted 120 ton/ha/tahun, so that can give 1000 nitrogen singk, 200 phosphoric acid singk and 800 singk of potasium, equivalent successively by 100 zak ( 50 singk) sulphate ammonium, 20 zak ( 50 singk) super [of] phosphate and 24 zak ( 50 singk) Fixaksi atmosphere n muriate potasium add fertility, cheap and [do] not bother environment. Addition of green manure [of] maculata gliricidia improve content of phosphorus [about/around] 26-37% [at] various land;ground type and also improve N, Fe and of Mn.
root of Legume in system of alley cropping ( cultivation of band system) functioning as mineral pump. bar of Legume residing in above land (of) in the form of cropping alley can arrest;detain off run and can degrade oblique land;ground erosion besaran from 96,9 ton / ha become only 0,8 ton / ha and after three program year walk, land;ground hara balance become positively [of] its meaning more hara which return into land;ground compared to is missing.
Role of agroforestry in overcoming marginal farm, Padmowijoto ( 2004), please mention that crop of leucaena ( planted [by] lamtoro) [is] meeting with distance [among/between] line one metre, can yield green manure counted 120 ton/ha/tahun, so that can give 1000 nitrogen singk, 200 phosphoric acid singk and 800 singk of potasium, equivalent successively by 100 zak ( 50 singk) sulphate ammonium, 20 zak ( 50 singk) super [of] phosphate and 24 zak ( 50 singk) Fixaksi atmosphere n muriate potasium add fertility, cheap and [do] not bother environment. Addition of green manure [of] maculata gliricidia improve content of phosphorus [about/around] 26-37% [at] various land;ground type and also improve N, Fe and of Mn.
root of Legume in system of alley cropping ( cultivation of band system) functioning as mineral pump. bar of Legume residing in above land (of) in the form of cropping alley can arrest;detain off run and can degrade oblique land;ground erosion besaran from 96,9 ton / ha become only 0,8 ton / ha and after three program year walk, land;ground hara balance become positively [of] its meaning more hara which return into land;ground compared to is missing.
conservation of angular momentum
(2004) (Sabarnurdin, Agroforestry sistem of diperoleh dapat yang [is] Lingkungan Manfaat
1. Lessening pressure to forest, so that forest area function [do] not annoyed ( arrange water, variety involve etc);
2. More efficient in element recicling of hara [pass/through] tree take root in [in] location of tsb.;
3. better protection to pate;upstream area ecology system of DAS;
4. Lessening surface stream, wash of land;ground erosion and hara ;
5. Improve;Repairing micro climate, lessening temperature surface of land;ground, lessening evapotranspirasi because combination of mulsa of crop one year / season and wings of tree;
6. Improving land;ground hara and land;ground structure [pass/through] addition which [is] kontinyu result of process of dekomposisi organic materials ; Of told theorys above, can be interpreted that system of agroforestry enough flexible to be applied [by] [in] part of critical natural river pate;upstream [of] farm, in order to cure of farm condition. Only which need to be arranged [by] [is] ;
1. Lessening pressure to forest, so that forest area function [do] not annoyed ( arrange water, variety involve etc);
2. More efficient in element recicling of hara [pass/through] tree take root in [in] location of tsb.;
3. better protection to pate;upstream area ecology system of DAS;
4. Lessening surface stream, wash of land;ground erosion and hara ;
5. Improve;Repairing micro climate, lessening temperature surface of land;ground, lessening evapotranspirasi because combination of mulsa of crop one year / season and wings of tree;
6. Improving land;ground hara and land;ground structure [pass/through] addition which [is] kontinyu result of process of dekomposisi organic materials ; Of told theorys above, can be interpreted that system of agroforestry enough flexible to be applied [by] [in] part of critical natural river pate;upstream [of] farm, in order to cure of farm condition. Only which need to be arranged [by] [is] ;
code of federal regulations conservation reserve program
According to FAO ( 1989), agroforestri represent a[n system usage of correct farm to support agriculture of have continuation, because beside have immeasurable and real production konstribusi, also conservative function to environment and situation of social so that guarantee broader economics and higher food security.
Agroforestry basically [is] pattern of pertanaman exploiting land;ground and sunshine which is is ` in layers` to increase farm productivity. Take example [of] following. [At] a pice of land, a farmer plant sengon ( Falcataria Paraserianthes) owning coronet ( high canopy) and wide [of]. Below/Under him, the farmer plant coffee crop ( Spp Coffea) what (it) is true need wings of to [be] is productive. Coat under at elbow surface of land;ground exploited to plant or empon-empon of ganyong ( Edulis Canna) lenient / hold up to wings of. Comprehensibility that by using pattern plant this agroforestry, from a piece of farm can be yielded [by] some valuable commodity [of] economics. However in fact pattern plant agroforestry alone [do] not simply to increase farm productivity, but also protect farm of damage and prevent degradation of fertility of land;ground [pass/through] natural mechanism. Wood crop which is [is] long lived to be expected can pump Iihat vitamins of hara ( nutrient) [in] geology which in, [is] later;then transferred to surface of land;ground [pass/through] [him/it] it[him] biomasa ( Budiadi,2005)
Agroforestry basically [is] pattern of pertanaman exploiting land;ground and sunshine which is is ` in layers` to increase farm productivity. Take example [of] following. [At] a pice of land, a farmer plant sengon ( Falcataria Paraserianthes) owning coronet ( high canopy) and wide [of]. Below/Under him, the farmer plant coffee crop ( Spp Coffea) what (it) is true need wings of to [be] is productive. Coat under at elbow surface of land;ground exploited to plant or empon-empon of ganyong ( Edulis Canna) lenient / hold up to wings of. Comprehensibility that by using pattern plant this agroforestry, from a piece of farm can be yielded [by] some valuable commodity [of] economics. However in fact pattern plant agroforestry alone [do] not simply to increase farm productivity, but also protect farm of damage and prevent degradation of fertility of land;ground [pass/through] natural mechanism. Wood crop which is [is] long lived to be expected can pump Iihat vitamins of hara ( nutrient) [in] geology which in, [is] later;then transferred to surface of land;ground [pass/through] [him/it] it[him] biomasa ( Budiadi,2005)
bci newsletter email bat conservation
Fertility of land;ground [is] ability of land;ground to support growth of crop, [at] condition of appropriate environment and climate. To maintain production remain to make everlasting, hence way of to look after or maintain fertility [is] by creating usage of farm in a condition natural ekosistem ( Barrow, 1991, Maylinda al et cit, 2003).
According to Sitanala Arsyad ( 1989), land;ground conservation [is] location each;every land;ground area [at] way of usage matching with ability of the land;ground and memperlakukkannya as according to needed conditions in order not to happened damage of land;ground. Land;Ground conservation have hand in glove [relation/link] with water conservation. ( Beydha, 2002) Continueing system usage of farm very depend on its flexibility in a state of environment which continue to change. Existence of variety of sumberdaya high genetik [at] storey;level of usahatani will support this flexibility ( Reijntjes, 1999).
sasaran mendekati tindakan Beberapa pertanian of ; 2004) (Padmowijoto, berkelanjutan
1. More coming near [at] natural process, like cycle of hara, and N atmosphere fixasi.
2. Lessening usage of input of eksternal which cannot renew, potential destroy environment or menace health of consumer and farmer.
3. More productive in using biological potency and crop genetik and of species livestock.
4. Production more beneficial and efficient by emphasizing at management of[is effort integrately, and land;ground conservation, water, biological source and energi.
According to Sitanala Arsyad ( 1989), land;ground conservation [is] location each;every land;ground area [at] way of usage matching with ability of the land;ground and memperlakukkannya as according to needed conditions in order not to happened damage of land;ground. Land;Ground conservation have hand in glove [relation/link] with water conservation. ( Beydha, 2002) Continueing system usage of farm very depend on its flexibility in a state of environment which continue to change. Existence of variety of sumberdaya high genetik [at] storey;level of usahatani will support this flexibility ( Reijntjes, 1999).
sasaran mendekati tindakan Beberapa pertanian of ; 2004) (Padmowijoto, berkelanjutan
1. More coming near [at] natural process, like cycle of hara, and N atmosphere fixasi.
2. Lessening usage of input of eksternal which cannot renew, potential destroy environment or menace health of consumer and farmer.
3. More productive in using biological potency and crop genetik and of species livestock.
4. Production more beneficial and efficient by emphasizing at management of[is effort integrately, and land;ground conservation, water, biological source and energi.
zoos and conservation projects
Role of Agroforestry in context of hidrologi more [at] scale of Lansekap ( Widianto,2004) :
1. Infiltrate à Peresapan.
2. Evapotranspirasi.
3. Screening ( sediment filter), hara
4. Surface Limpasan à Floods.
5. Taking care of base-flow à Dryness
1. Infiltrate à Peresapan.
2. Evapotranspirasi.
3. Screening ( sediment filter), hara
4. Surface Limpasan à Floods.
5. Taking care of base-flow à Dryness
conservation of energy in physics
Agroforestry in land;ground conservation and water [is] how influence of[is condition of vegetasi a[n farm carpet in arranging to arrange water improve;repair fertility of farm. How solidarity of pattern plant and kolaborasi between kinds of economic activity being based on agroforestry which [is] flange repair of environmental condition, so that benefit of multi function can be felt.
Influence of tree tutupan to current [is] in the form of ( Noordwijk, al et. 2004 :
1. Rainwater Intersepsi. During occurence of rain, tree coronet earn and mengintersepsi of menyimpan a number of rainwater in the form of flimsy coat [of] water.
2. ( waterfilm) [at] surface of bar and leaf later on will experience of evaporation before down to the ground. To the number of water able to evaporation and diintersepsi depend on wide [of] index [of] leaf ( LAI), characteristic surface of leaf, and rain characteristic. Intersepsi represent important component if amount of low rainfall, but can be disregarded [by] if high rainfall. If high rainfall, role of important tree intersepsi in its bearing with reduction of floods.
3. Energy beat rainwater. Vegetasi and coat as anxious as protecting surface of land;ground of direct blow [of] raindrop able to break land;ground aggregate, so that happened condensation of land;ground. Fall to pieces land;ground particle will cause gagging of macro land;ground pore so that pursue to infiltrate ground water, as a result surface limpasan will mount. Role of coat as anxious as in protecting surface of land;ground very influenced by its resilience to decay; as anxious as high with quality ( containing hara, especially high N) will easy to moulder so that function closing of surface of land;ground [do] not go along way.
4. Infiltrate water. Process infiltrate depend on land;ground structure [at] surface coat and various coat in land;ground profile. Land;Ground structure [is] also influenced by activity of biota which [is] its source [of] him depended to materials of organic ( as anxious as on the surface of, organic eksudasi by root, and dead roots). Availibility of food to biota ( especially earth-worm), important to anticipate the existence of process of peluruhan and gagging of macro pore [of] land;ground.
5. Water absorption. During the year absorbent crop [of] water from various geology to support process of transpirasi [at] surface of leaf. Factor– factor influencing the amount of absorption irrigate by tree [is] tree fenologi, distribution grow on and tree physiology respon to grasp of parsial available water. Absorption irrigate by tree among occurence of rain will influence the amount of water able to be kept from occurence of next rain, so that hereinafter will influence process infiltrate and surface stream. Absorption irrigate [at] dry season, specially from geology under will influence the amount of water available to ‘ tardy stream’ ( flow slow).
6. drainage of Lansekap. Level of drainage a[n lansekap ( unfold farm) influenced by some factor for example crudity of surface of land;ground, relief surface of conducive land;ground [of] water live in surface of longer land;ground so that push the happening of infiltrateing, formed channel type effect of stream surface of which can trigger the happening of ‘ stream quickly ground water’ ( flow quick).
Influence of tree tutupan to current [is] in the form of ( Noordwijk, al et. 2004 :
1. Rainwater Intersepsi. During occurence of rain, tree coronet earn and mengintersepsi of menyimpan a number of rainwater in the form of flimsy coat [of] water.
2. ( waterfilm) [at] surface of bar and leaf later on will experience of evaporation before down to the ground. To the number of water able to evaporation and diintersepsi depend on wide [of] index [of] leaf ( LAI), characteristic surface of leaf, and rain characteristic. Intersepsi represent important component if amount of low rainfall, but can be disregarded [by] if high rainfall. If high rainfall, role of important tree intersepsi in its bearing with reduction of floods.
3. Energy beat rainwater. Vegetasi and coat as anxious as protecting surface of land;ground of direct blow [of] raindrop able to break land;ground aggregate, so that happened condensation of land;ground. Fall to pieces land;ground particle will cause gagging of macro land;ground pore so that pursue to infiltrate ground water, as a result surface limpasan will mount. Role of coat as anxious as in protecting surface of land;ground very influenced by its resilience to decay; as anxious as high with quality ( containing hara, especially high N) will easy to moulder so that function closing of surface of land;ground [do] not go along way.
4. Infiltrate water. Process infiltrate depend on land;ground structure [at] surface coat and various coat in land;ground profile. Land;Ground structure [is] also influenced by activity of biota which [is] its source [of] him depended to materials of organic ( as anxious as on the surface of, organic eksudasi by root, and dead roots). Availibility of food to biota ( especially earth-worm), important to anticipate the existence of process of peluruhan and gagging of macro pore [of] land;ground.
5. Water absorption. During the year absorbent crop [of] water from various geology to support process of transpirasi [at] surface of leaf. Factor– factor influencing the amount of absorption irrigate by tree [is] tree fenologi, distribution grow on and tree physiology respon to grasp of parsial available water. Absorption irrigate by tree among occurence of rain will influence the amount of water able to be kept from occurence of next rain, so that hereinafter will influence process infiltrate and surface stream. Absorption irrigate [at] dry season, specially from geology under will influence the amount of water available to ‘ tardy stream’ ( flow slow).
6. drainage of Lansekap. Level of drainage a[n lansekap ( unfold farm) influenced by some factor for example crudity of surface of land;ground, relief surface of conducive land;ground [of] water live in surface of longer land;ground so that push the happening of infiltrateing, formed channel type effect of stream surface of which can trigger the happening of ‘ stream quickly ground water’ ( flow quick).
coastal conservation association
Agroforestry in the effort Conservation Land;Ground and Water.
According To Professor Faculty Of Technology Agriculture Of UGM, Prof Dr. Ir. Muhjidin Mawardi MENG, that there are at least four primary factor determining efficacy of land;ground conservation engineering and water, that is nature of land;ground physical and farm, nature of rain, interaction [among/between] rain with farm and land;ground yielding water of limpasan surface and infiltrate, and also deposit irrigate in land;ground. ( Ujianto,2006).
According To Professor Faculty Of Technology Agriculture Of UGM, Prof Dr. Ir. Muhjidin Mawardi MENG, that there are at least four primary factor determining efficacy of land;ground conservation engineering and water, that is nature of land;ground physical and farm, nature of rain, interaction [among/between] rain with farm and land;ground yielding water of limpasan surface and infiltrate, and also deposit irrigate in land;ground. ( Ujianto,2006).
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Solidarity of Forest ranch and pine.
3. Agrosilvopastoral : crop, grass field / livestock food and tree, management of forest farm to produce agricultural produce and forestry concurrently and at the same time look after livestock animal.
4. Other system , which cover : Silvofishery : fish and tree of Apiculture : bee and tree of Sericulture : silkworm and tree Besides system practices of agroforestry above Marseno ( 2004), also present other form [of] system of agroforestry being based on the continuation of environment that is ;
1. Riperian Buffer Forest ( Forest Prop of riverbank ; its function take care of natural condition alongside river, taking care of erosion and improve biodiversitas. Prop systems [do] not just for riverbank ekosistim, but also give protection to pengeolahan of land;ground [about/around] him.
3. Agrosilvopastoral : crop, grass field / livestock food and tree, management of forest farm to produce agricultural produce and forestry concurrently and at the same time look after livestock animal.
4. Other system , which cover : Silvofishery : fish and tree of Apiculture : bee and tree of Sericulture : silkworm and tree Besides system practices of agroforestry above Marseno ( 2004), also present other form [of] system of agroforestry being based on the continuation of environment that is ;
1. Riperian Buffer Forest ( Forest Prop of riverbank ; its function take care of natural condition alongside river, taking care of erosion and improve biodiversitas. Prop systems [do] not just for riverbank ekosistim, but also give protection to pengeolahan of land;ground [about/around] him.
karen fix monument conservation
There are some way of classification of agroforestry among others : pursuant to tree component combination, crop, grass field / livestock food and other component which found in agroforestry ( Sa’Ad 2002)
1. Agrosilviculture : Mixture Crop and tree, where usage of farm consciously to produce agriculture pickings and forestry.
2. Silvopastoral : Field Grass / livestock food and tree, management of forest farm to produce result of wood and at the same time look after livestock.
1. Agrosilviculture : Mixture Crop and tree, where usage of farm consciously to produce agriculture pickings and forestry.
2. Silvopastoral : Field Grass / livestock food and tree, management of forest farm to produce result of wood and at the same time look after livestock.
piaget conservation
King ( 1978) and Koppelman dkk., ( 1996) [is] such as those which cited [by] Sa’Ad ( 2002) mentioning that system of agroforestry can be grouped according to function and structure, as environmental adaptation and agroekologi, nature of economic sosio, cultural aspect and habit ( custom), and way of its management.
System Implementation of Agroforestry
System Implementation of Agroforestry
environmental conservation
Agroforrestry represent a[n assumed concept precisely to alli farming concepts in order to make-up of conservation and economics.
Congeniality of Agroforestry.
Hudges ( 2000) and Koppelman dkk.,(1996) defining Agroforestry as form grow designedly and manage tree by together with agriculture crop and or livestock food in system with aim to become to have continuation ecologyly is, social and economic. Simply [is] to plant tree in agriculture system. ( Sa’Ad, 2002) Reijntjes, ( 1999), expressing Agroforestry as exploiting of annual wood crop by seksama ( grove, bush, palm, bamboo) at one particular unit management of [is] same farm as competent crop plant, grassland and or animal, good with arrangement of room mixturely or in place and [is] same moment and also alternately from time to waktu.(Sa’ad, 2002) And Chandler King, ( 1978) in Andayani, ( 2005) defining agroforestry [is] ; A[N system management of everlasting farm to increase result of, by alliing production result of food crop ( including result of pohon-pohonan) with forestry crop and/or activity of ranch either through together and also successive [at] a piece of [is] same farm, and use the way of management matching with pattern culture of local resident
Congeniality of Agroforestry.
Hudges ( 2000) and Koppelman dkk.,(1996) defining Agroforestry as form grow designedly and manage tree by together with agriculture crop and or livestock food in system with aim to become to have continuation ecologyly is, social and economic. Simply [is] to plant tree in agriculture system. ( Sa’Ad, 2002) Reijntjes, ( 1999), expressing Agroforestry as exploiting of annual wood crop by seksama ( grove, bush, palm, bamboo) at one particular unit management of [is] same farm as competent crop plant, grassland and or animal, good with arrangement of room mixturely or in place and [is] same moment and also alternately from time to waktu.(Sa’ad, 2002) And Chandler King, ( 1978) in Andayani, ( 2005) defining agroforestry [is] ; A[N system management of everlasting farm to increase result of, by alliing production result of food crop ( including result of pohon-pohonan) with forestry crop and/or activity of ranch either through together and also successive [at] a piece of [is] same farm, and use the way of management matching with pattern culture of local resident
student conservation association
There are some technology to rehabilitate farm in its bearing with going concern development ( Sinukaban, 2003) in Suhardi ( 2003) that is :
1. Agronomi covering is technical [of] agronomis like TOT, minimum of tillage, farming countur, mulsa, crop innings ( rotation crop), management of crop residu, etc.
2. Vegetatif in the form of agroforestry, cropping alley, cultivation of grass.
3. Struktur/Konstruksi that is conservation building like terrace;core, dam, draught cheque, Channel, etc.
4. Management in the form of change of usage of farm
1. Agronomi covering is technical [of] agronomis like TOT, minimum of tillage, farming countur, mulsa, crop innings ( rotation crop), management of crop residu, etc.
2. Vegetatif in the form of agroforestry, cropping alley, cultivation of grass.
3. Struktur/Konstruksi that is conservation building like terrace;core, dam, draught cheque, Channel, etc.
4. Management in the form of change of usage of farm
national hearing conservation association
According to Sinukaban ( 1995), [is] such as those which cited [by] Marwah ( 2001), in system of usahatani conservation will be realized [by] the following marking :
1. production of Usahatani high enough so that farmer remain to be enthusiastic continue its effort
2. Earnings of farmer which high enough so that farmer can design its family future from its earnings [of] him.
3. applied [by] technology [is] technological goodness [of] conservation technology and also production can be taken in good part and applied down alley farmer alone so that system of usahatani the can be continued without intervention from outside.
4. immeasurable laboured commodity enough, according to condition of biofisik, social and economic.
5. Erosion smaller than tolerance erosion able to so that high production remain to earn to be defended or improved with function of hidrologis remain to be looked after better.
6. System penguasaan/pemilikan of farm can guarantee long term investment security and excite farmer to remain to berusahatani.
1. production of Usahatani high enough so that farmer remain to be enthusiastic continue its effort
2. Earnings of farmer which high enough so that farmer can design its family future from its earnings [of] him.
3. applied [by] technology [is] technological goodness [of] conservation technology and also production can be taken in good part and applied down alley farmer alone so that system of usahatani the can be continued without intervention from outside.
4. immeasurable laboured commodity enough, according to condition of biofisik, social and economic.
5. Erosion smaller than tolerance erosion able to so that high production remain to earn to be defended or improved with function of hidrologis remain to be looked after better.
6. System penguasaan/pemilikan of farm can guarantee long term investment security and excite farmer to remain to berusahatani.
law of conservation of linear momentum
Systems management of farm with approach of conservation focussed [by] [at] form strive land;ground conservation and water utilize penanggulangan of surface erosion and take care of the loss of kesuburuan of land;ground. Without existence of cultivation techniques which [is] dot weigh against [at] conservation, hence will more and more critical farm, and can only be managed in short-range, whereas in the long term, its productivity will be downhill.
Critical farm [is] farm which because is inappropriate [of] usage of land;ground and [his/its] ability, have experienced of or in course of damage of fisik-kimia-biologi, what finally endanger function of hidro-orologi, agro product, settlement and life of economic social of environmental area [of] its influence. Critical farm and marjinal in Indonesia reach 43 million ha, among others 20 million critical ha its it[him] and every year still increase ( Soewandito, al et 2002).
To improve;repair the condition of farm which have destroyed, hence can [to] strive land;ground conservation, with technical rekayasa-rakayasa. But strive land;ground conservation and this water in improve;repairing and also improve farm produkstifitas, shall really precise as according to condition of farm election of vegatasi and also climate.
Critical farm [is] farm which because is inappropriate [of] usage of land;ground and [his/its] ability, have experienced of or in course of damage of fisik-kimia-biologi, what finally endanger function of hidro-orologi, agro product, settlement and life of economic social of environmental area [of] its influence. Critical farm and marjinal in Indonesia reach 43 million ha, among others 20 million critical ha its it[him] and every year still increase ( Soewandito, al et 2002).
To improve;repair the condition of farm which have destroyed, hence can [to] strive land;ground conservation, with technical rekayasa-rakayasa. But strive land;ground conservation and this water in improve;repairing and also improve farm produkstifitas, shall really precise as according to condition of farm election of vegatasi and also climate.
conservation psychology degrees illinois
Farming Conservation.
Conservation farming [is] cultivation of farm with food crop and also functioning crop to lessen erosion ( surface stream) and maintain fertility of land;ground.
Farming conservation principle :
• Lessening as small as possible surface current and soak up its water equal to possible into land;ground.
• Minimizing negative influence [of] rainwater which fall [at] surface of land;ground • Exploiting as maximal as natural resources by paying attention continuity.
Conservation farming [is] cultivation of farm with food crop and also functioning crop to lessen erosion ( surface stream) and maintain fertility of land;ground.
Farming conservation principle :
• Lessening as small as possible surface current and soak up its water equal to possible into land;ground.
• Minimizing negative influence [of] rainwater which fall [at] surface of land;ground • Exploiting as maximal as natural resources by paying attention continuity.
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