According to FAO ( 1989), agroforestri represent a[n system usage of correct farm to support agriculture of have continuation, because beside have immeasurable and real production konstribusi, also conservative function to environment and situation of social so that guarantee broader economics and higher food security.
Agroforestry basically [is] pattern of pertanaman exploiting land;ground and sunshine which is is ` in layers` to increase farm productivity. Take example [of] following. [At] a pice of land, a farmer plant sengon ( Falcataria Paraserianthes) owning coronet ( high canopy) and wide [of]. Below/Under him, the farmer plant coffee crop ( Spp Coffea) what (it) is true need wings of to [be] is productive. Coat under at elbow surface of land;ground exploited to plant or empon-empon of ganyong ( Edulis Canna) lenient / hold up to wings of. Comprehensibility that by using pattern plant this agroforestry, from a piece of farm can be yielded [by] some valuable commodity [of] economics. However in fact pattern plant agroforestry alone [do] not simply to increase farm productivity, but also protect farm of damage and prevent degradation of fertility of land;ground [pass/through] natural mechanism. Wood crop which is [is] long lived to be expected can pump Iihat vitamins of hara ( nutrient) [in] geology which in, [is] later;then transferred to surface of land;ground [pass/through] [him/it] it[him] biomasa ( Budiadi,2005)
Thursday, April 1, 2010
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Fertility of land;ground [is] ability of land;ground to support growth of crop, [at] condition of appropriate environment and climate. To maintain production remain to make everlasting, hence way of to look after or maintain fertility [is] by creating usage of farm in a condition natural ekosistem ( Barrow, 1991, Maylinda al et cit, 2003).
According to Sitanala Arsyad ( 1989), land;ground conservation [is] location each;every land;ground area [at] way of usage matching with ability of the land;ground and memperlakukkannya as according to needed conditions in order not to happened damage of land;ground. Land;Ground conservation have hand in glove [relation/link] with water conservation. ( Beydha, 2002) Continueing system usage of farm very depend on its flexibility in a state of environment which continue to change. Existence of variety of sumberdaya high genetik [at] storey;level of usahatani will support this flexibility ( Reijntjes, 1999).
sasaran mendekati tindakan Beberapa pertanian of ; 2004) (Padmowijoto, berkelanjutan
1. More coming near [at] natural process, like cycle of hara, and N atmosphere fixasi.
2. Lessening usage of input of eksternal which cannot renew, potential destroy environment or menace health of consumer and farmer.
3. More productive in using biological potency and crop genetik and of species livestock.
4. Production more beneficial and efficient by emphasizing at management of[is effort integrately, and land;ground conservation, water, biological source and energi.
According to Sitanala Arsyad ( 1989), land;ground conservation [is] location each;every land;ground area [at] way of usage matching with ability of the land;ground and memperlakukkannya as according to needed conditions in order not to happened damage of land;ground. Land;Ground conservation have hand in glove [relation/link] with water conservation. ( Beydha, 2002) Continueing system usage of farm very depend on its flexibility in a state of environment which continue to change. Existence of variety of sumberdaya high genetik [at] storey;level of usahatani will support this flexibility ( Reijntjes, 1999).
sasaran mendekati tindakan Beberapa pertanian of ; 2004) (Padmowijoto, berkelanjutan
1. More coming near [at] natural process, like cycle of hara, and N atmosphere fixasi.
2. Lessening usage of input of eksternal which cannot renew, potential destroy environment or menace health of consumer and farmer.
3. More productive in using biological potency and crop genetik and of species livestock.
4. Production more beneficial and efficient by emphasizing at management of[is effort integrately, and land;ground conservation, water, biological source and energi.
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Role of Agroforestry in context of hidrologi more [at] scale of Lansekap ( Widianto,2004) :
1. Infiltrate à Peresapan.
2. Evapotranspirasi.
3. Screening ( sediment filter), hara
4. Surface Limpasan à Floods.
5. Taking care of base-flow à Dryness
1. Infiltrate à Peresapan.
2. Evapotranspirasi.
3. Screening ( sediment filter), hara
4. Surface Limpasan à Floods.
5. Taking care of base-flow à Dryness
conservation of energy in physics
Agroforestry in land;ground conservation and water [is] how influence of[is condition of vegetasi a[n farm carpet in arranging to arrange water improve;repair fertility of farm. How solidarity of pattern plant and kolaborasi between kinds of economic activity being based on agroforestry which [is] flange repair of environmental condition, so that benefit of multi function can be felt.
Influence of tree tutupan to current [is] in the form of ( Noordwijk, al et. 2004 :
1. Rainwater Intersepsi. During occurence of rain, tree coronet earn and mengintersepsi of menyimpan a number of rainwater in the form of flimsy coat [of] water.
2. ( waterfilm) [at] surface of bar and leaf later on will experience of evaporation before down to the ground. To the number of water able to evaporation and diintersepsi depend on wide [of] index [of] leaf ( LAI), characteristic surface of leaf, and rain characteristic. Intersepsi represent important component if amount of low rainfall, but can be disregarded [by] if high rainfall. If high rainfall, role of important tree intersepsi in its bearing with reduction of floods.
3. Energy beat rainwater. Vegetasi and coat as anxious as protecting surface of land;ground of direct blow [of] raindrop able to break land;ground aggregate, so that happened condensation of land;ground. Fall to pieces land;ground particle will cause gagging of macro land;ground pore so that pursue to infiltrate ground water, as a result surface limpasan will mount. Role of coat as anxious as in protecting surface of land;ground very influenced by its resilience to decay; as anxious as high with quality ( containing hara, especially high N) will easy to moulder so that function closing of surface of land;ground [do] not go along way.
4. Infiltrate water. Process infiltrate depend on land;ground structure [at] surface coat and various coat in land;ground profile. Land;Ground structure [is] also influenced by activity of biota which [is] its source [of] him depended to materials of organic ( as anxious as on the surface of, organic eksudasi by root, and dead roots). Availibility of food to biota ( especially earth-worm), important to anticipate the existence of process of peluruhan and gagging of macro pore [of] land;ground.
5. Water absorption. During the year absorbent crop [of] water from various geology to support process of transpirasi [at] surface of leaf. Factor– factor influencing the amount of absorption irrigate by tree [is] tree fenologi, distribution grow on and tree physiology respon to grasp of parsial available water. Absorption irrigate by tree among occurence of rain will influence the amount of water able to be kept from occurence of next rain, so that hereinafter will influence process infiltrate and surface stream. Absorption irrigate [at] dry season, specially from geology under will influence the amount of water available to ‘ tardy stream’ ( flow slow).
6. drainage of Lansekap. Level of drainage a[n lansekap ( unfold farm) influenced by some factor for example crudity of surface of land;ground, relief surface of conducive land;ground [of] water live in surface of longer land;ground so that push the happening of infiltrateing, formed channel type effect of stream surface of which can trigger the happening of ‘ stream quickly ground water’ ( flow quick).
Influence of tree tutupan to current [is] in the form of ( Noordwijk, al et. 2004 :
1. Rainwater Intersepsi. During occurence of rain, tree coronet earn and mengintersepsi of menyimpan a number of rainwater in the form of flimsy coat [of] water.
2. ( waterfilm) [at] surface of bar and leaf later on will experience of evaporation before down to the ground. To the number of water able to evaporation and diintersepsi depend on wide [of] index [of] leaf ( LAI), characteristic surface of leaf, and rain characteristic. Intersepsi represent important component if amount of low rainfall, but can be disregarded [by] if high rainfall. If high rainfall, role of important tree intersepsi in its bearing with reduction of floods.
3. Energy beat rainwater. Vegetasi and coat as anxious as protecting surface of land;ground of direct blow [of] raindrop able to break land;ground aggregate, so that happened condensation of land;ground. Fall to pieces land;ground particle will cause gagging of macro land;ground pore so that pursue to infiltrate ground water, as a result surface limpasan will mount. Role of coat as anxious as in protecting surface of land;ground very influenced by its resilience to decay; as anxious as high with quality ( containing hara, especially high N) will easy to moulder so that function closing of surface of land;ground [do] not go along way.
4. Infiltrate water. Process infiltrate depend on land;ground structure [at] surface coat and various coat in land;ground profile. Land;Ground structure [is] also influenced by activity of biota which [is] its source [of] him depended to materials of organic ( as anxious as on the surface of, organic eksudasi by root, and dead roots). Availibility of food to biota ( especially earth-worm), important to anticipate the existence of process of peluruhan and gagging of macro pore [of] land;ground.
5. Water absorption. During the year absorbent crop [of] water from various geology to support process of transpirasi [at] surface of leaf. Factor– factor influencing the amount of absorption irrigate by tree [is] tree fenologi, distribution grow on and tree physiology respon to grasp of parsial available water. Absorption irrigate by tree among occurence of rain will influence the amount of water able to be kept from occurence of next rain, so that hereinafter will influence process infiltrate and surface stream. Absorption irrigate [at] dry season, specially from geology under will influence the amount of water available to ‘ tardy stream’ ( flow slow).
6. drainage of Lansekap. Level of drainage a[n lansekap ( unfold farm) influenced by some factor for example crudity of surface of land;ground, relief surface of conducive land;ground [of] water live in surface of longer land;ground so that push the happening of infiltrateing, formed channel type effect of stream surface of which can trigger the happening of ‘ stream quickly ground water’ ( flow quick).
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Agroforestry in the effort Conservation Land;Ground and Water.
According To Professor Faculty Of Technology Agriculture Of UGM, Prof Dr. Ir. Muhjidin Mawardi MENG, that there are at least four primary factor determining efficacy of land;ground conservation engineering and water, that is nature of land;ground physical and farm, nature of rain, interaction [among/between] rain with farm and land;ground yielding water of limpasan surface and infiltrate, and also deposit irrigate in land;ground. ( Ujianto,2006).
According To Professor Faculty Of Technology Agriculture Of UGM, Prof Dr. Ir. Muhjidin Mawardi MENG, that there are at least four primary factor determining efficacy of land;ground conservation engineering and water, that is nature of land;ground physical and farm, nature of rain, interaction [among/between] rain with farm and land;ground yielding water of limpasan surface and infiltrate, and also deposit irrigate in land;ground. ( Ujianto,2006).
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Solidarity of Forest ranch and pine.
3. Agrosilvopastoral : crop, grass field / livestock food and tree, management of forest farm to produce agricultural produce and forestry concurrently and at the same time look after livestock animal.
4. Other system , which cover : Silvofishery : fish and tree of Apiculture : bee and tree of Sericulture : silkworm and tree Besides system practices of agroforestry above Marseno ( 2004), also present other form [of] system of agroforestry being based on the continuation of environment that is ;
1. Riperian Buffer Forest ( Forest Prop of riverbank ; its function take care of natural condition alongside river, taking care of erosion and improve biodiversitas. Prop systems [do] not just for riverbank ekosistim, but also give protection to pengeolahan of land;ground [about/around] him.
3. Agrosilvopastoral : crop, grass field / livestock food and tree, management of forest farm to produce agricultural produce and forestry concurrently and at the same time look after livestock animal.
4. Other system , which cover : Silvofishery : fish and tree of Apiculture : bee and tree of Sericulture : silkworm and tree Besides system practices of agroforestry above Marseno ( 2004), also present other form [of] system of agroforestry being based on the continuation of environment that is ;
1. Riperian Buffer Forest ( Forest Prop of riverbank ; its function take care of natural condition alongside river, taking care of erosion and improve biodiversitas. Prop systems [do] not just for riverbank ekosistim, but also give protection to pengeolahan of land;ground [about/around] him.
karen fix monument conservation
There are some way of classification of agroforestry among others : pursuant to tree component combination, crop, grass field / livestock food and other component which found in agroforestry ( Sa’Ad 2002)
1. Agrosilviculture : Mixture Crop and tree, where usage of farm consciously to produce agriculture pickings and forestry.
2. Silvopastoral : Field Grass / livestock food and tree, management of forest farm to produce result of wood and at the same time look after livestock.
1. Agrosilviculture : Mixture Crop and tree, where usage of farm consciously to produce agriculture pickings and forestry.
2. Silvopastoral : Field Grass / livestock food and tree, management of forest farm to produce result of wood and at the same time look after livestock.
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